This chapter discusses cognitive and neurocognitive research issues on memory and trauma. A conceptual approach, identifying central clinical constructs and how they might relate to existing cognitive and neurocognitive ideas, is taken. The relationship between cognitive psychological theory and 4 constructs that have been central in clinical discussions of memory for trauma are explored: the sensory/narrative memory distinction, repression, dissociation, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A research approach is also taken, breaking the issues down into general research domains and identifying specific research questions and methodologies within each domain. The effect of trauma on memory, the phenomenon of recovered memory, and the creation of false memories are explored. It was found that an understanding of the processes that contribute to veridical and non-veridical memories of trauma will require clarification of the relationship between clinical and cognitive constructs and a variety of research approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record